Udaipur is a city in the southern part of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It serves as the administrative headquarters of Udaipur district and is the historic capital of the erstwhile princely state of Mewar. Often referred to as the "City of Lakes" due to the network of artificial lakes around which it has developed, Udaipur is widely known for its palaces, temples, and Rajput-era architecture, and is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Rajasthan.
| Country | India |
|---|---|
| State | Rajasthan |
| District | Udaipur |
| Region | Mewar |
| Founded | 1559 |
| Founder | Maharana Udai Singh II |
| Languages | Hindi, Mewari, English |
| Known as | City of Lakes, Venice of the East |
Udaipur lies in the Girwa valley of the Aravalli Range, in the southern reaches of Rajasthan. The city is surrounded by hills and is dotted with several lakes, the most prominent being Lake Pichola, Fateh Sagar Lake, Udai Sagar, Swaroop Sagar, and Doodh Talai. The Aravalli hills shield the region and give it a comparatively cooler and greener character than the desert districts of western Rajasthan. The Sajjangarh (Monsoon Palace) hill provides a panoramic view over the city.
Udaipur was founded in 1559 by Maharana Udai Singh II of the Sisodia dynasty, after the older Mewar capital of Chittorgarh came under repeated threat from the Mughal Empire. The new capital, named after its founder, was set within a defensible valley in the Aravalli hills.
For nearly four centuries, Udaipur remained the seat of the Mewar rulers, who maintained a long tradition of resistance against external powers, most famously under Maharana Pratap, son of Udai Singh II, who fought the forces of Akbar at the Battle of Haldighati in 1576. Successive Maharanas expanded the City Palace complex on the eastern bank of Lake Pichola and constructed a series of garden palaces, temples, and water structures.
Mewar entered into a subsidiary alliance with the British East India Company in 1818, becoming a princely state under British paramountcy while retaining internal autonomy. After Indian independence in 1947, Mewar acceded to the Indian Union and was integrated into the United State of Rajasthan in 1948, which subsequently became the present state of Rajasthan.
Tourism is among the most important sectors of Udaipur's economy, supported by hospitality, handicrafts, and heritage-related services. The surrounding region is also a notable centre for the mining and processing of minerals, particularly zinc, lead, marble, and silver. Hindustan Zinc, headquartered in Udaipur, operates major mining and smelting facilities in the area. Traditional crafts such as miniature painting (Mewar school), silver jewellery, wooden toys, and textiles continue to be produced in and around the city.
Udaipur is associated with the Mewar school of miniature painting, which flourished under the patronage of the Maharanas. The city hosts several traditional festivals, including Mewar Festival, celebrated around Gangaur, and Shilpgram Utsav, an annual crafts fair held at the Shilpgram rural arts complex on the city's outskirts. Folk forms such as Ghoomar dance and Rajasthani classical music are part of the cultural calendar, often performed at venues like Bagore ki Haveli.
Udaipur is home to several institutions of higher education, including Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, the Indian Institute of Management Udaipur (IIM Udaipur), and the Geetanjali University for medical education. The Vidya Bhawan group of institutions, founded in the 20th century, has also been an important educational presence in the city.
Udaipur is connected to the rest of India by road, rail, and air. The Maharana Pratap Airport at Dabok, around 22 km from the city, handles domestic flights. Udaipur City Railway Station connects the city to major destinations including Delhi, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, and Mumbai. National Highway 27 and other state highways link Udaipur to nearby cities such as Ahmedabad, Chittorgarh, and Jodhpur.
As the historic capital of Mewar, Udaipur occupies an important place in the political and cultural history of Rajasthan and of the Rajput tradition more broadly. Its lakes, palaces, and surrounding heritage sites make it a major centre of cultural tourism in India, and it has frequently featured in Indian and international cinema and literature.