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Indian languages, festivals, food, art, religion, and social life.

Sai Baba

Overview Sai Baba, or Saibaba, is an honorific term used in India for ascetics and revered spiritual figures. The term combines the Hindi word sāĩ (साईं), meaning "Swami" or "lord", with bābā (बाबा), a respectful term...

Guru Nanak

Overview Guru Nanak (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ), also known as Baba Nanak, was an Indian spiritual teacher, mystic and poet. He is regarded as the founder of Sikhism and the first of the t...

Dayananda Saraswati

Overview Dayananda Saraswati (born Mool Shankar Tiwari; 12 February 1824 – 30 October 1883) was a Hindu philosopher and social leader who founded the Arya Samaj, a reform movement within Hinduism. From childhood he li...

Ramakrishna

Overview Ramakrishna (18 February 1836 – 16 August 1886), also known as Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, was an Indian Hindu mystic. Born Ramakrishna Chattopadhyay in Kamarpukur, Bengal Presidency, he was known in childhood b...

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Overview Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (born Vishvambhara Mishra, 18 February 1486 – 14 June 1534) was an Indian Hindu saint from Bengal and the founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism. He is regarded within his tradition as an incarna...

Kabir

Overview Kabir (flourished 15th century) was an Indian devotional mystic poet and saint whose verses became influential across multiple religious traditions. He was born in the city of Varanasi, in what is now Uttar P...

Surdas

Overview Surdas was a 16th-century blind Hindu devotional poet and singer, remembered chiefly for his compositions in praise of Krishna. Most of his bhajans were written in the Braj language, though some appear in oth...

Tulsidas

Overview Tulsidas, born Rambola Dubey and popularly known as Goswami Tulsidas, was a Vaishnava Hindu saint, devotee and poet associated with the Ramanandi tradition. He is celebrated for his devotion to the deity Rama...

Bhakti Movement

Overview The Bhakti movement was a significant religious current in medieval Hinduism that emphasised personal devotion (bhakti) to a chosen deity as the path to spiritual liberation. It sought to communicate religiou...

Kirtan

Overview Kirtan (Sanskrit: कीर्तन; IAST: Kīrtana), also rendered as Kiirtan or Keertan, is a Sanskrit term meaning "narrating, reciting, telling, or describing" an idea or story, particularly within the context of Ind...

Bhajan

Overview Bhajan is an Indian term for any devotional song with a religious theme or spiritual ideas, particularly within the Dharmic religions, and may be composed in any language. The word bhajanam (Sanskrit: भजनम्) ...

Sahasrara

Overview Sahasrāra (Sanskrit: सहस्रार, IAST: Sahasrāra), commonly translated as "thousand-petalled" and also known as the Crown Chakra, is considered the seventh primary chakra in the yogic and tantric traditions of I...

Vishuddha

Overview Vishuddha (Sanskrit: विशुद्ध, IAST: viśuddha), also known as vishuddhi or the throat chakra, is the fifth primary chakra described in the Hindu yogic traditions of tantra. The Sanskrit term translates as "ver...

Chakra

Overview Chakra (Sanskrit: चक्र, cakra, meaning "wheel" or "circle"; Pali: cakka) refers to a meditation-aid conceived as a psychic or psychospiritual energy-centre in the subtle body. The concept is visualised across...

Kundalini

Overview Kundalini (Sanskrit: कुण्डलिनी, kuṇḍalinī, literally 'coiled snake') is, in Hindu thought, a form of divine feminine energy or Shakti believed to be located at the base of the spine, in the Muladhara. It is d...

Charvaka

Overview Charvaka (Sanskrit: चार्वाक; IAST: Cārvāka), also known as Lokāyata, is an ancient Indian school of materialism. It is regarded as one of the atheistic schools within the broader landscape of ancient Indian p...

Vaisheshika

Overview Vaisheshika (IAST: Vaiśeṣika; Sanskrit: वैशेषिक) is one of the six classical schools (darshanas) of Hindu philosophy from ancient India. In its early phase, it was an independent system possessing its own met...

Nyaya

Overview Nyāya (Sanskrit: न्यायः), literally meaning "justice", "rules", "method" or "judgment", is one of the six orthodox (Āstika) schools of Hindu philosophy. Its most significant contributions to Indian philosophy...

Brahmo Samaj

Overview Brahmo Samaj is the societal component of Brahmoism, a monotheistic reformist movement that emerged during the Bengal Renaissance. It is regarded as one of the most influential religious movements in India an...

Arya Samaj

Overview Arya Samaj (literally, "Aryan Society") is a monotheistic Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices grounded in the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas. The movement encourages a re...